Step 1: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the penne pasta and cook according to package instructions until al dente. This usually takes around 8-10 minutes. Be sure to stir the pasta occasionally to prevent it from sticking together. Once cooked, drain the pasta well and set aside.

Step 2: While the pasta is cooking, prepare the ground beef. In a large skillet over medium heat, cook the ground beef until browned and fully cooked. Use a spatula to break up the beef into smaller pieces as it cooks. Drain any excess fat from the skillet, as this will help prevent the sauce from becoming greasy. Set the cooked beef aside in a bowl.

Step 3: Now it's time to create the flavorful sauce base. In the same skillet you used for the beef, melt the butter over medium heat. Add the minced garlic and chopped onion to the skillet. Cook, stirring frequently, until the garlic is fragrant and the onion is translucent, about 3-4 minutes. Be careful not to burn the garlic, as this will give the sauce a bitter taste.

Step 4: Stir in the Italian seasoning and red pepper flakes (if using). Cook for another minute, stirring constantly, until the spices are fragrant. This helps to bloom the spices and release their full flavor. Pour in the heavy cream and beef broth, whisking to combine. Bring the sauce to a simmer, then reduce the heat to low and let it simmer for 3-5 minutes, or until the sauce thickens slightly. Stir occasionally to prevent the sauce from sticking to the bottom of the skillet.

Step 5: Return the cooked ground beef to the skillet, stirring to coat in the sauce. Add the cooked penne pasta and toss until evenly combined. Make sure the pasta is well coated in the sauce, so every bite is full of flavor. Season with salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste.

Step 6: Serve immediately, garnished with freshly grated Parmesan cheese and chopped fresh parsley, if desired. A sprinkle of Parmesan cheese adds a salty, cheesy note, while the fresh parsley provides a pop of color and freshness.